1 Timothy 6 (NET)

1 Those who are under the yoke as slaves1 must regard their own masters as deserving of full respect. This will prevent2 the name of God and Christian teaching3 from being discredited.4 2 But those who have believing masters must not show them less respect5 because they are brothers. Instead they are to serve all the more, because those who benefit from their service are believers and dearly loved.6

Summary of Timothy’s Duties

Teach them and exhort them about these things.7

3 If someone spreads false teachings8 and does not agree with sound words (that is, those of our Lord Jesus Christ) and with the teaching that accords with godliness, 4 he is conceited and understands nothing, but has an unhealthy interest in controversies and verbal disputes. This gives rise to envy, dissension, slanders, evil suspicions, 5 and constant bickering by people corrupted in their minds and deprived of the truth, who suppose that godliness9 is a way of making a profit. 6 Now godliness combined with contentment brings great profit. 7 For we have brought nothing into this world and so10 we cannot take a single thing out either. 8 But if we have food and shelter, we will be satisfied with that.11 9 Those who long to be rich, however, stumble into temptation and a trap and many senseless and harmful desires that plunge people into ruin and destruction. 10 For the love of money is the root12 of all evils.13 Some people in reaching for it have strayed from the faith and stabbed themselves with many pains.

11 But you, as a person dedicated to God,14 keep away from all that.15 Instead pursue righteousness, godliness, faithfulness, love, endurance, and gentleness. 12 Compete well16 for the faith and lay hold of that eternal life you were called for and made your good confession17 for18 in the presence of many witnesses. 13 I charge you19 before God who gives life to all things and Christ Jesus who made his good confession20 before Pontius Pilate, 14 to obey21 this command22 without fault or failure until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ 15 – whose appearing23 the blessed and only Sovereign, the King of kings and Lord of lords, will reveal at the right time. 16 He alone possesses immortality and lives in unapproachable light, whom no human has ever seen or is able to see. To him be honor and eternal power! Amen.

17 Command those who are rich in this world’s goods24 not to be haughty or to set their hope on riches, which are uncertain,25 but on God who richly provides us with all things for our enjoyment. 18 Tell them to do good,26 to be rich in good deeds, to be generous givers, sharing with others.27 19 In this way they will save up28 a treasure for themselves as a firm foundation29 for the future and so lay hold of30 what is truly life.

Conclusion

20 O Timothy, protect what has been entrusted to you. Avoid31 the profane chatter and absurdities32 of so-called “knowledge.”33 21 By professing it, some have strayed from the faith.34 Grace be with you all.35

1tn Traditionally, “servants.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force. 2tn Grk “that the name…may not be slandered” (a continuation of the preceding sentence). 3tn Grk “the teaching.” 4tn Or “slandered.” 5tn Or “think the less of them”; Grk “despise them,” “look down on them.” 6tn Or “those who devote themselves to service are faithful and dearly loved” (referring to slaves who serve them). 7tn Grk “these things teach and exhort.” 8tn Grk “teaches other doctrines,” (different from apostolic teaching, cf. 1 Tim 1:3). 9tc Although most witnesses, including some early versions and fathers (D² Ψ Ï sy Cyp Lcf Ambst), have ἀφίστασο ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων (afistaso apo’ twn toioutwn, “stay away from such things!”) after εὐσεβείαν (eusebeian, “godliness”; thus, “who suppose that godliness is a way of making a profit; stay away from such things!”), there seems to be little good reason for this clause’s omission in some of the oldest and best witnesses (א A D* F G 048 6 33 81 1175 1739 1881 lat co). It is likely that it crept into the text early, perhaps as a marginal comment, but it should not be considered authentic in light of the strong external evidence against it. 10tc The Greek conjunction ὅτι usually means “because,” but here it takes the sense “so that” (see BDAG 732 s.v. 5.c). This unusual sense led to textual variation as scribes attempted to correct what appeared to be an error: D* and a few versional witnesses read ἀληθές ὅτι (“it is true that”), and א² D² Ψ Ï read δῆλον ὅτι (“it is clear that”). Thus the simple conjunction is preferred on internal as well as external grounds, supported by א* A F G 33 81 1739 1881 pc. 11tn Grk “with these.” 12tn This could be taken to mean “a root,” but the phrase “of all evils” clearly makes it definite. This seems to be not entirely true to life (some evils are unrelated to love of money), but it should be read as a case of hyperbole (exaggeration to make a point more strongly). 13tn Many translations render this “of all kinds of evil,” especially to allow for the translation “a root” along with it. But there is no parallel for taking a construction like this to mean “all kinds of” or “every kind of.” The normal sense is “all evils.” 14tn Grk “O man of God.” 15tn Grk “flee these things.” 16tn This phrase literally means “compete in the good competition of the faith,” using words that may refer to a race or to a boxing or wrestling match: “run the good race” or “fight the good fight.” The similar phrase in 1 Tim 1:18 uses a military picture and is more literally “war the good warfare.” 17sn At some point in Timothy’s life, he publicly acknowledged Jesus as the resurrected Lord, perhaps either at his baptism or his ordination as a minister of the gospel. With this reminder of the historical moment of his good confession, Timothy is encouraged to remain steadfast in his faith and to finish his life as a minister in the same way it began (see G. W. Knight, Pastoral Epistles [NIGTC], 264-65). 18tn Grk “confessed the good confession.” 19tc ‡ Most witnesses, some of them important (א² A D H 1881 Ï lat sy bo), have σοι (soi, “you”) after παραγγέλλω (parangellw, “I charge [you]”), a predictable variant because the personal pronoun is demanded by the sense of the passage (and was added in the translation because of English requirements). Hence, the omission is the harder reading, and the addition of σοι is one of clarification. Further, the shorter reading is found in several important witnesses, such as א* F G Ψ 6 33 1739 pc. Thus, both internally and externally the shorter reading is preferred. NA ²⁷ places σοι in brackets, indicating some doubts as to its authenticity.tn Grk “I charge.” 20tn Grk “testified the good confession.”sn Jesus’ good confession was his affirmative answer to Pilate’s question “Are you the king of the Jews?” (see Matt 27:11, Mark 15:2, Luke 23:3, John 18:33-37). 21tn The Greek word τηρέω (threw, traditionally translated “keep”) in this context connotes preservation of and devotion to an object as well as obedience. 22tn Grk “the command.”sn The command refers to the duties laid upon Timothy for his ministry in Ephesus (1 Tim 1:3-20; 6:2c-5). 23tn Grk “which.” All of 1 Tim 6:15 is a relative clause which refers back to “appearing” in v.14. The phrase “whose appearing” was supplied to clarify this connection. 24tn Grk “in the present age.” 25tn Grk “in uncertainty.” 26tn Grk “to do good” (the continuation of 6:17). Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started at the beginning of v. 18. 27tn Grk “to be generous,” “sharing.” 28tn Grk “saving up” (the continuation of 6:18). Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started at the beginning of v. 19. 29tn Grk “treasuring up a good foundation.” 30tn Grk “that they may lay hold of.” 31tn Grk “avoiding.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. 32tn Or “contradictions.” 33tn Grk “the falsely named knowledge.” 34tn Grk “have deviated concerning the faith.” 35tc Most witnesses (א² D¹ Ψ Ï sy) conclude this letter with ἀμήν (amhn, “amen”). Such a conclusion is routinely added by scribes to NT books because a few of these books originally had such an ending (cf. Rom 16:27; Gal 6:18; Jude 25). A majority of Greek witnesses have the concluding ἀμήν in every NT book except Acts, James, and 3 John (and even in these books, ἀμήν is found in some witnesses). It is thus a predictable variant. Further, the earliest and best witnesses (א* A D* F G 33 81 1739* 1881 it sa) lack the particle, indicating that the letter concluded with “Grace be with you all.”tn Grk “with you” (but the Greek pronoun indicates the meaning is plural here).