Malachi 3 (NET)

1 “I am about to send my messenger,1 who will clear the way before me. Indeed, the Lord2 you are seeking will suddenly come to his temple, and the messenger3 of the covenant, whom you long for, is certainly coming,” says the Lord who rules over all.

2 Who can endure the day of his coming? Who can keep standing when he appears? For he will be like a refiner’s fire,4 like a launderer’s soap. 3 He will act like a refiner and purifier of silver and will cleanse the Levites and refine them like gold and silver. Then they will offer the Lord a proper offering. 4 The offerings5 of Judah and Jerusalem6 will be pleasing to the Lord as in former times and years past.

5 “I7 will come to you in judgment. I will be quick to testify against those who practice divination, those who commit adultery, those who break promises,8 and those who exploit workers, widows, and orphans,9 who refuse to help10 the immigrant11 and in this way show they do not fear me,” says the Lord who rules over all.

Resistance to the Lord through Selfishness

6 “Since, I, the Lord, do not go back on my promises,12 you, sons of Jacob, have not perished. 7 From the days of your ancestors you have ignored13 my commandments14 and have not kept them! Return to me, and I will return to you,” says the Lord who rules over all. “But you say, ‘How should we return?’ 8 Can a person rob15 God? You indeed are robbing me, but you say, ‘How are we robbing you?’ In tithes and contributions!16 9 You are bound for judgment17 because you are robbing me – this whole nation is guilty.18

10 “Bring the entire tithe into the storehouse19 so that there may be food in my temple. Test me in this matter,” says the Lord who rules over all, “to see if I will not open for you the windows of heaven and pour out for you a blessing until there is no room for it all. 11 Then I will stop the plague20 from ruining your crops,21 and the vine will not lose its fruit before harvest,” says the Lord who rules over all. 12 “All nations will call you happy, for you indeed will live in22 a delightful land,” says the Lord who rules over all.

Resistance to the Lord through Self-sufficiency

13 “You have criticized me sharply,”23 says the Lord, “but you ask, ‘How have we criticized you?’ 14 You have said, ‘It is useless to serve God. How have we been helped24 by keeping his requirements and going about like mourners before the Lord who rules over all?25 15 So now we consider the arrogant to be happy; indeed, those who practice evil are successful.26 In fact, those who challenge27 God escape!’”

16 Then those who respected28 the Lord spoke to one another, and the Lord took notice.29 A scroll30 was prepared before him in which were recorded the names of those who respected the Lord and honored his name. 17 “They will belong to me,” says the Lord who rules over all, “in the day when I prepare my own special property.31 I will spare them as a man spares his son who serves him. 18 Then once more you will see that I make a distinction between32 the righteous and the wicked, between the one who serves God and the one who does not.

1tn In Hebrew the phrase “my messenger” is מַלְאָכִי (mal’akhi), the same form as the prophet’s name (see note on the name “Malachi” in 1:1). However, here the messenger appears to be an eschatological figure who is about to appear, as the following context suggests. According to 4:5, this messenger is “Elijah the prophet,” whom the NT identifies as John the Baptist (Matt 11:10; Mark 1:2) because he came in the “spirit and power” of Elijah (Matt 11:14; 17:11-12; Lk 1:17). 2tn Here the Hebrew term הָאָדוֹן (ha’adon) is used, not יְהוָה (yÿhvah, typically rendered Lord). Thus the focus is not on the Lord as the covenant God, but on his role as master. 3sn This messenger of the covenant may be equated with my messenger (that is, Elijah) mentioned earlier in the verse, or with the Lord himself. In either case the messenger functions as an enforcer of the covenant. Note the following verses, which depict purifying judgment on a people that has violated the Lord’s covenant. 4sn The refiner’s fire was used to purify metal and refine it by melting it and allowing the dross, which floated to the top, to be scooped off. 5tn Or “gift.” 6map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4. 7tn The first person pronoun (a reference to the Lord) indicates that the Lord himself now speaks (see also v. 1). The prophet speaks in vv. 2-4 (see also 2:17). 8tn Heb “those who swear [oaths] falsely.” Cf. NIV “perjurers”; TEV “those who give false testimony”; NLT “liars.” 9tn Heb “and against the oppressors of the worker for a wage, [the] widow and orphan.” 10tn Heb “those who turn aside.” 11tn Or “resident foreigner”; NIV “aliens”; NRSV “the alien.” 12tn Heb “do not change.” This refers to God’s ongoing commitment to his covenant promises to Israel. 13tn Heb “turned aside from.” 14tn Or “statutes” (so NAB, NASB, NRSV); NIV “decrees”; NLT “laws.” 15tc The LXX presupposes an underlying Hebrew text of עָקַב (’aqav, “deceive”), a metathesis of קָבַע (qava’, “rob”), in all four uses of the verb here (vv. 8-9). The intent probably is to soften the impact of “robbing” God, but the language of the passage is intentionally bold and there is no reason to go against the reading of the MT (which is followed here by most English versions). 16sn The tithes and contributions mentioned here are probably those used to sustain the Levites (see Num 18:8, 11, 19, 21-24). 17tn Heb “cursed with a curse” that is, “under a curse” (so NIV, NLT, CEV). 18tn The phrase “is guilty” is not present in the Hebrew text but is implied, and has been supplied in the translation for clarification and stylistic reasons. 19tn The Hebrew phrase בֵּית הָאוֹצָר (bet ha’otsar, here translated “storehouse”) refers to a kind of temple warehouse described more fully in Nehemiah (where the term לִשְׁכָּה גְדוֹלָה [lishkah gÿdolah, “great chamber”] is used) as a place for storing grain, frankincense, temple vessels, wine, and oil (Neh 13:5). Cf. TEV “to the Temple.” 20tn Heb “the eater” (אֹכֵל, ’okhel), a general term for any kind of threat to crops and livelihood. This is understood as a reference to a locust plague by a number of English versions: NAB, NRSV “the locust”; NIV “pests”; NCV, TEV “insects.” 21tn Heb “and I will rebuke for you the eater and it will not ruin for you the fruit of the ground.” 22tn Heb “will be” (so NAB, NRSV); TEV “your land will be a good place to live in.” 23tn Heb “your words are hard [or “strong”] against me”; cf. NIV “said harsh things against me”; TEV, NLT “said terrible things about me.” 24tn Heb “What [is the] profit”; NIV “What did we gain.” 25sn The people’s public display of self-effacing piety has gone unrewarded by the Lord. The reason, of course, is that it was blatantly hypocritical. 26tn Heb “built up” (so NASB); NIV, NRSV “prosper”; NLT “get rich.” 27tn Or “test”; NRSV, CEV “put God to the test.” 28tn Or “fear” (so NAB); NRSV “revered”; NCV “honored.” 29tn Heb “heard and listened”; NAB “listened attentively.” 30sn The scroll mentioned here is a “memory book” (סֵפֶר זִכָּרוֹן, sefer zikkaron) in which the Lord keeps an ongoing record of the names of all the redeemed (see Exod 32:32; Isa 4:3; Dan 12:1; Rev 20:12-15). 31sn The Hebrew word סְגֻלָּה (sÿgullah, “special property”) is a technical term referring to all the recipients of God’s redemptive grace, especially Israel (Exod 19:5; Deut 7:6; 14:2; 26:18). The Lord says here that he will not forget even one individual in the day of judgment and reward. 32tn Heb “you will see between.” Cf. NRSV, TEV, NLT “see the difference.”