Leviticus 13 (NET)

Infections on the Skin

1 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron: 2 “When someone has1 a swelling2 or a scab3 or a bright spot4 on the skin of his body5 that may become a diseased infection,6 he must be brought to Aaron the priest or one of his sons, the priests.7 3 The priest must then examine the infection8 on the skin of the body, and if the hair9 in the infection has turned white and the infection appears to be deeper than the skin of the body,10 then it is a diseased infection,11 so when the priest examines it12 he must pronounce the person unclean.13

A Bright Spot on the Skin

4 “If14 it is a white bright spot on the skin of his body, but it does not appear to be deeper than the skin,15 and the hair has not turned white, then the priest is to quarantine the person with the infection for seven days.16 5 The priest must then examine it on the seventh day, and if,17 as far as he can see, the infection has stayed the same18 and has not spread on the skin,19 then the priest is to quarantine the person for another seven days.20 6 The priest must then examine it again on the seventh day,21 and if22 the infection has faded and has not spread on the skin, then the priest is to pronounce the person clean.23 It is a scab,24 so he must wash his clothes25 and be clean. 7 If, however, the scab is spreading further26 on the skin after he has shown himself to the priest for his purification, then he must show himself to the priest a second time. 8 The priest must then examine it,27 and if28 the scab has spread on the skin, then the priest is to pronounce the person unclean.29 It is a disease.

A Swelling on the Skin

9 “When someone has a diseased infection,30 he must be brought to the priest. 10 The priest will then examine it,31 and if32 a white swelling is on the skin, it has turned the hair white, and there is raw flesh in the swelling,33 11 it is a chronic34 disease on the skin of his body,35 so the priest is to pronounce him unclean.36 The priest37 must not merely quarantine him, for he is unclean.38 12 If, however, the disease breaks out39 on the skin so that the disease covers all the skin of the person with the infection40 from his head to his feet, as far as the priest can see,41 13 the priest must then examine it,42 and if43 the disease covers his whole body, he is to pronounce the person with the infection clean.44 He has turned all white, so he is clean.45 14 But whenever raw flesh appears in it46 he will be unclean, 15 so the priest is to examine the raw flesh47 and pronounce him unclean48 – it is diseased. 16 If, however,49 the raw flesh once again turns white,50 then he must come to the priest. 17 The priest will then examine it,51 and if52 the infection has turned white, the priest is to pronounce the person with the infection clean53 – he is clean.

A Boil on the Skin

18 “When someone’s body has a boil on its skin54 and it heals, 19 and in the place of the boil there is a white swelling or a reddish white bright spot, he must show himself to the priest.55 20 The priest will then examine it,56 and if57 it appears to be deeper than the skin58 and its hair has turned white, then the priest is to pronounce the person unclean.59 It is a diseased infection that has broken out in the boil.60 21 If, however,61 the priest examines it, and62 there is no white hair in it, it is not deeper than the skin, and it has faded, then the priest is to quarantine him for seven days.63 22 If64 it is spreading further65 on the skin, then the priest is to pronounce him unclean.66 It is an infection. 23 But if the bright spot stays in its place and has not spread,67 it is the scar of the boil, so the priest is to pronounce him clean.68

A Burn on the Skin

24 “When a body has a burn on its skin69 and the raw area of the burn becomes a reddish white or white bright spot, 25 the priest must examine it,70 and if71 the hair has turned white in the bright spot and it appears to be deeper than the skin,72 it is a disease that has broken out in the burn.73 The priest is to pronounce the person unclean.74 It is a diseased infection.75 26 If, however,76 the priest examines it and77 there is no white hair in the bright spot, it is not deeper than the skin,78 and it has faded, then the priest is to quarantine him for seven days.79 27 The priest must then examine it on the seventh day, and if it is spreading further80 on the skin, then the priest is to pronounce him unclean. It is a diseased infection.81 28 But if the bright spot stays in its place, has not spread on the skin,82 and it has faded, then it is the swelling of the burn, so the priest is to pronounce him clean,83 because it is the scar of the burn.

Scall on the Head or in the Beard

29 “When a man or a woman has an infection on the head or in the beard,84 30 the priest is to examine the infection,85 and if86 it appears to be deeper than the skin87 and the hair in it is reddish yellow and thin, then the priest is to pronounce the person unclean.88 It is scall,89 a disease of the head or the beard.90 31 But if the priest examines the scall infection and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin,91 and there is no black hair in it, then the priest is to quarantine the person with the scall infection for seven days.92 32 The priest must then examine the infection on the seventh day, and if93 the scall has not spread, there is no reddish yellow hair in it, and the scall does not appear to be deeper than the skin,94 33 then the individual is to shave himself,95 but he must not shave the area affected by the scall,96 and the priest is to quarantine the person with the scall for another seven days.97 34 The priest must then examine the scall on the seventh day, and if98 the scall has not spread on the skin and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin,99 then the priest is to pronounce him clean.100 So he is to wash his clothes and be clean. 35 If, however, the scall spreads further101 on the skin after his purification, 36 then the priest is to examine it, and if102 the scall has spread on the skin the priest is not to search further for reddish yellow hair.103 The person104 is unclean. 37 If, as far as the priest can see, the scall has stayed the same105 and black hair has sprouted in it, the scall has been healed; the person is clean. So the priest is to pronounce him clean.106

Bright White Spots on the Skin

38 “When a man or a woman has bright spots – white bright spots – on the skin of their body, 39 the priest is to examine them,107 and if108 the bright spots on the skin of their body are faded white, it is a harmless rash that has broken out on the skin. The person is clean.109

Baldness on the Head

40 “When a man’s head is bare so that he is balding in back,110 he is clean. 41 If his head is bare on the forehead111 so that he is balding in front,112 he is clean. 42 But if there is a reddish white infection in the back or front bald area, it is a disease breaking out in his back or front bald area. 43 The priest is to examine it,113 and if114 the swelling of the infection is reddish white in the back or front bald area like the appearance of a disease on the skin of the body,115 44 he is a diseased man. He is unclean. The priest must surely pronounce him unclean because of his infection on his head.116

The Life of the Person with Skin Disease

45 “As for the diseased person who has the infection,117 his clothes must be torn, the hair of his head must be unbound, he must cover his mustache,118 and he must call out ‘Unclean! Unclean!’ 46 The whole time he has the infection119 he will be continually unclean. He must live in isolation, and his place of residence must be outside the camp.

Infections in Garments, Cloth, or Leather

47 “When a garment has a diseased infection in it,120 whether a wool or linen garment,121 48 or in the warp or woof122 of the linen or the wool, or in leather or anything made of leather,123 49 if the infection124 in the garment or leather or warp or woof or any article of leather is yellowish green or reddish, it is a diseased infection and it must be shown to the priest. 50 The priest is to examine and then quarantine the article with the infection for seven days.125 51 He must then examine the infection on the seventh day. If the infection has spread in the garment, or in the warp, or in the woof, or in the leather – whatever the article into which the leather was made126 – the infection is a malignant disease. It is unclean. 52 He must burn the garment or the warp or the woof, whether wool or linen, or any article of leather which has the infection in it. Because it is a malignant disease it must be burned up in the fire. 53 But if the priest examines it and127 the infection has not spread in the garment or in the warp or in the woof or in any article of leather, 54 the priest is to command that they wash whatever has the infection and quarantine it for another seven days.128 55 The priest must then examine it after the infection has been washed out, and if129 the infection has not changed its appearance130 even though the infection has not spread, it is unclean. You must burn it up in the fire. It is a fungus, whether on the back side or front side of the article.131 56 But if the priest has examined it and132 the infection has faded after it has been washed, he is to tear it out of133 the garment or the leather or the warp or the woof. 57 Then if134 it still appears again in the garment or the warp or the woof, or in any article of leather, it is an outbreak. Whatever has the infection in it you must burn up in the fire. 58 But the garment or the warp or the woof or any article of leather which you wash and infection disappears from it135 is to be washed a second time and it will be clean.”

Summary of Infection Regulations

59 This is the law136 of the diseased infection in the garment of wool or linen, or the warp or woof, or any article of leather, for pronouncing it clean or unclean.137

1tn Heb “A man, if [or when] he has….” The term for “a man, human being” (אָדָם, ’adam; see the note on Lev 1:2) in this case refers to any person among “mankind,” male or female, since either could be afflicted with infections on the skin. 2tn Some of the terms for disease or symptoms of disease in this chapter present difficulties for the translator. Most modern English versions render the Hebrew term שְׂאֵת (sÿ’et) as “swelling,” which has been retained here (see the explanation in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 189). Some have argued that “deeper (עָמֹק, ’amoq) than the skin of his body” in v. 3 means that “this sore was lower than the surrounding skin” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:773), in which case “swelling” would be an inappropriate translation of שְׂאֵת in v. 2. Similarly, שְׂאֵת also occurs in v. 19, and then v. 20 raises the issue of whether or not it appears to be “lower (שָׁפָל, shafal) than the skin” (cf. also 14:37 for a mark on the wall of a house), which may mean that the sore sinks below the surface of the skin rather than protruding above it as a swelling would (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 76-77). Thus, one could translate here, for example, “discoloration” (so Milgrom and II שְׂאֵת “spot, blemish on the skin” in HALOT 1301 s.v. II שְׂאֵת) or “local inflammation, boil, mole” (so Levine). However, one could interpret “lower” as “deeper,” i.e., visibly extending below the surface of the skin into the deeper layers as suggested by J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 188, 192. “Swelling” often extends deeply below the surface of the skin, it is certainly a common symptom of skin diseases, and the alternation of these two terms (i.e., “deeper” and “lower”) in vv. 25-26 below shows that they both refer to the same phenomenon (see also the note on v. 20 below), so it is retained in the present translation. 3tn The etymology and meaning of this term is unknown. It could mean “scab” (KJV, ASV, NASB) or possibly “rash” (NIV, NLT), “flaking skin,” or an “eruption” (NRSV) of some sort. 4tn Heb “shiny spot” or “white spot,” but to render this term “white spot” in this chapter would create redundancy in v. 4 where the regular term for “white” occurs alongside this word for “bright spot.” 5tn Heb “in the skin of his flesh” as opposed to the head or the beard (v. 29). 6tn Heb “a mark [or stroke; or plague] of disease.” In some places in this context (vv. 2, 3) it could be translated “a contagious skin disease.” Although the Hebrew term צָרָעַת (tsara’at) rendered here “diseased” is translated in many English versions as “leprosy,” it does not refer to Hanson’s disease, which is the modern technical understanding of the term “leprosy” (HALOT 1057 s.v. צָרְעַת a). There has been much discussion of the proper meaning of the term and the disease(s) to which it may refer (see, e.g., J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:774-76, 816-26; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 187-89; and the literature cited by them). The further description of the actual condition in the text suggests that the regulations are concerned with any kind of infectious diseases that are observable on the surface of the skin and, in addition to that, penetrate below the surface of the skin (vv. 3-4) or spread further across the surface of the skin (vv. 5-8). It is true that, in the OT, the term “disease” is often associated specifically with white “scaly” skin diseases that resemble the wasting away of the skin after death (see Milgrom who, in fact, translates “scale disease”; cf., e.g., Exod 4:6-7 and Num 12:9-12, esp. v. 12), but here it appears to be a broader term for any skin disease that penetrates deep or spreads far on the body. Scaly skin diseases would be included in this category, but also other types. Thus, a “swelling,” “scab,” or “bright spot” on the skin might be a symptom of disease, but not necessarily so. In this sense, “diseased” is a technical term. The term “infection” can apply to any “mark” on the skin whether it belongs to the category of “disease” or not (compare and contrast v. 3, where the “infection” is not “diseased,” with v. 4, where the “infection” is found to be “diseased”). 7tn Or “it shall be reported to Aaron the priest.” This alternative rendering may be better in light of the parallel use of the same expression in Lev 14:2, where the priest had to go outside the camp in order to inspect the person who had been diseased. Since the rendering “he shall be brought to Aaron the priest” might confuse matters there, this expression should be rendered “it shall be reported” both here in 13:2 (cf. also v. 9) and in 14:2. See, however, the further note on 14:2 below, where it is argued that the diseased person would still need to “be brought” to the priest even if this happened outside the camp. Most English versions retain the idea of the afflicted person being “brought” to the priest for inspection. 8tn Heb “and the priest shall see the infection.” 9tn There is no “if” expressed, but the contrast between the priestly finding in this verse and the next verse clearly implies it. 10tn Heb “and the appearance of the infection is deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “deeper than”) the skin of the his flesh.” See the note on v. 20 below. 11tn For the translation “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above. Cf. TEV “a dreaded skin disease”; NIV “an infectious skin disease”; NLT “a contagious skin disease.” 12tn The pronoun “it” here refers to the “infection,” not the person who has the infection (cf. the object of “examine” at the beginning of the verse). 13tn Heb “he shall make him unclean.” The verb is the Piel of טָמֵא (tame’) “to be unclean.” Here it is a so-called “declarative” Piel (i.e., “to declare unclean”), but it also implies that the person is put into the category of actually being “unclean” by the pronouncement itself (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 175; cf. the corresponding opposite in v. 6 below). 14tn Heb “and if.” 15tn Heb “and deep is not its appearance from the skin”; cf. NAB “does not seem to have penetrated below the skin.” 16tn Heb “and the priest will shut up the infection seven days.” 17tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV). 18tn Heb “the infection has stood in his eyes”; ASV “if in his eyes the plague be at a stay.” 19tn Although there is no expressed “and” at the beginning of this clause, there is in the corresponding clause of v. 6, so it should be assumed here as well. 20tn Heb “a second seven days.” 21tn That is, at the end of the second set of seven days referred to at the end of v. 5, a total of fourteen days after the first appearance before the priest. 22tn Heb “and behold.” 23tn Heb “he shall make him clean.” The verb is the Piel of טָהֵר (taher, “to be clean”). Here it is a so-called “declarative” Piel (i.e., “to declare clean”), but it also implies that the person is put into the category of being “clean” by the pronouncement itself (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 176; cf. the corresponding opposite in v. 3 above). 24tn On the term “scab” see the note on v. 2 above. Cf. NAB “it was merely eczema”; NRSV “only an eruption”; NLT “only a temporary rash.” 25tn Heb “and he shall wash his clothes.” 26tn Heb “And if spreading [infinitive absolute] it spreads [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p. 27tn The “it” is not expressed but is to be understood. It refers to the “infection” (cf. the note on v. 2 above). 28tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV). 29tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’, cf. the note on v. 3 above). 30tn Heb “When there is an infection of disease in a man.” The term for “a man; a human being” (אָדָם, ’adam; see the note on Lev 1:2 and cf. v. 2 above) refers to any person among “mankind,” male or female. For the rendering “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above. 31tn Heb “and the priest shall see.” The pronoun “it” is unexpressed, but it should be assumed and it refers to the infection (cf. the note on v. 8 above). 32tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV). 33tn Heb “and rawness [i.e., something living] of living flesh is in the swelling”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “quick raw flesh.” 34tn The term rendered here “chronic” is a Niphal participle meaning “grown old” (HALOT 448 s.v. II ישׁן nif.2). The idea is that this is an old enduring skin disease that keeps on developing or recurring. 35tn Heb “in the skin of his flesh” as opposed to the head or the beard (v. 29; cf. v. 2 above). 36tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’, cf. the note on v. 3 above). 37tn Heb “he”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 38sn Instead of just the normal quarantine isolation, this condition calls for the more drastic and enduring response stated in Lev 13:45-46. Raw flesh, of course, sometimes oozes blood to one degree or another, and blood flows are by nature impure (see, e.g., Lev 12 and 15; cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 191). 39tn Heb “And if spreading [infinitive absolute] it spreads out [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p. 40tn Heb “all the skin of the infection,” but see v. 4 above. 41tn Heb “to all the appearance of the eyes of the priest.” 42tn Heb “and the priest shall see.” The pronoun “it” is unexpressed, but it should be assumed and it refers to the infection (cf. the note on v. 8 above). 43tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV, NASB). 44tn Heb “he shall pronounce the infection clean,” but see v. 4 above. Also, this is another use of the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher; cf. the note on v. 6 above). 45tn Heb “all of him has turned white, and he is clean.” 46tn Heb “and in the day of there appears in it living flesh.” Some English versions render this as “open sores” (cf. NCV, TEV, NLT). 47tn Heb “and the priest shall see the living flesh.” 48tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’; cf. the note on v. 3 above). 49tn Heb “Or if/when.” 50tn Heb “the living flesh returns and is turned/changed to white.” The Hebrew verb “returns” is שׁוּב (shuv), which often functions adverbially when combined with a second verb as it is here (cf. “and is turned”) and, in such cases, is usually rendered “again” (see, e.g., GKC 386-87 §120.g). Another suggestion is that here שׁוּב means “to recede” (cf., e.g., 2 Kgs 20:9), so one could translate “the raw flesh recedes and turns white.” This would mean that the new “white” skin “has grown over” the raw flesh (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 79). 51tn Heb “and the priest shall see it.” 52tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV, NASB). 53tn Heb “the priest shall pronounce the infection clean,” but see v. 4 above. Also, this is another use of the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above). 54tc Heb (MT) reads, “And flesh if/when there is in it, in its skin, a boil.” Smr has only “in it,” not “in its skin,” and a few medieval Hebrew mss as well as the LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate have only “in its skin” (cf. v. 24 below), not “in it.” It does not effect the meaning of the verse, but one is tempted to suggest that “in it” (בוֹ, vo) was added in error as a partial dittography from the beginning of “in its skin” (בְעֹרוֹ, vÿ’oro). 55tn Some English versions translate “it shall be shown to [or “be seen by”] the priest,” taking the infection to be the subject of the verb (e.g., KJV, NASB, RSV, NRSV). Based on the Hebrew grammar there is no way to be sure which is intended. 56tn Heb “and the priest shall see.” The pronoun “it” is unexpressed, but it should be assumed and it refers to the infection (cf. the note on v. 8 above). 57tn Heb “and behold.” 58tn Heb “and behold its appearance is low (שָׁפָל, shafal) ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “lower than”) the skin.” Compare “deeper” in v. 3 above where, however, a different word is used (עָמֹק, ’amoq), and see the note on “swelling” in v. 1 above (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 192; note that, contrary to the MT, Tg. Onq. has עָמֹק in this verse as well as v. 4). The alternation of these two terms (i.e., “deeper” and “lower”) in vv. 25-26 below shows that they both refer to the same phenomenon. Some have argued that “this sore was lower than the surrounding skin” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:773, 788), in which case “swelling” would be an inappropriate translation of שְׂאֵת (sÿ’et) in v. 19. It seems unlikely, however, that the surface of a “boil” would sink below the surface of the surrounding skin. The infectious pus etc. that makes up a boil normally causes swelling. 59tn The declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’, cf. the note on v. 3 above). 60tn Heb “It is an infection of disease. In the boil it has broken out.” For the rendering “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above. 61tn Heb “and if.” 62tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV, NASB). 63tn Heb “and the priest will shut him up seven days.” 64tn Heb “and if.” 65tn Heb “is indeed spreading.” 66tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’, cf. the note on v. 3 above). 67tn Heb “and if under it the bright spot stands, it has not spread.” 68tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above). 69tn Heb “Or a body, if there is in its skin a burn of fire.” 70tn Heb “and the priest shall see it.” 71tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV). 72tn Heb “and its appearance is deep ‘from’ [comparative מִן (min) meaning ‘deeper than’] the skin.” 73tn Heb “it is a disease. In the burn it has broken out.” 74tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’; cf. the note on v. 3 above). 75tn For the rendering “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above. 76tn Heb “and if.” 77tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “and indeed.” 78tn Heb “and low it is not ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “lower than”) the skin.” See the note on v. 20 above. Cf. TEV “not deeper than the surrounding skin.” 79tn Heb “and the priest will shut him up seven days.” 80tn Heb “is indeed spreading.” 81tn For the rendering “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above. 82tn Heb “and if under it the bright spot stands, it has not spread in the skin.” 83tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher; cf. the note on v. 6 above). 84tn Heb “And a man or a woman if there is in him an infection in head or in beard.”sn The shift here is from diseases that are on the (relatively) bare skin of the body to the scalp area of the male or female head or the bearded area of the male face. 85tn Heb “and the priest shall see the infection.” 86tn Heb “and behold.” 87tn Heb “its appearance is deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “deeper than”) the skin.” 88tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’; cf. the note on v. 3 above). 89tn The exact identification of this disease is unknown. Cf. KJV “dry scall”; NASB “a scale”; NIV, NCV, NRSV “an itch”; NLT “a contagious skin disease.” For a discussion of “scall” disease in the hair, which is a crusty scabby disease of the skin under the hair that also affects the hair itself, see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 192-93, and J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:793-94. The Hebrew word rendered “scall” (נֶתֶק, neteq) is related to a verb meaning “to tear; to tear out; to tear apart.” It may derive from the scratching and/or the tearing out of the hair or the scales of the skin in response to the itching sensation caused by the disease. 90tn Heb “It is scall. It is the disease of the head or the beard.” 91tn Heb “and behold there is not its appearance deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, meaning “deeper than”) the skin.” 92tn Heb “and the priest will shut up the infection of the scall seven days.” 93tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV). 94tn Heb “and the appearance of the scall is not deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, meaning “deeper than”) the skin.” 95tn The shaving is done by the one who has the infection. Although KJV, ASV have the passive “he shall be shaven” here, most modern English versions have the reflexive “shall shave himself” (so NAB). 96tn Heb “but the scall shall he not shave” (so KJV, ASV); NIV “except for the diseased area.” 97tn Heb “and the priest will shut up the scall a second seven days.” 98tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV). 99tn Heb “and its appearance is not deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, meaning “deeper than”) the skin.” 100tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above). 101tn Heb “And if spreading (infinitive absolute) it spreads further (finite verb).” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p. 102tn Heb “and behold.” 103tn Heb “the priest shall not search to the reddish yellow hair.” 104tn Heb “he”; the referent (the affected person) is specified in the translation for clarity (likewise in the following verse). 105tn Heb “and if in his eyes the infection has stood.” 106tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above). 107tn Heb “and the priest shall see.” 108tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV). 109tn Heb “he,” but the regulation applies to a man or a woman (v. 38a). In the translation “the person” is used to specify the referent more clearly. 110tn Heb “And a man, when his head is rubbed bare, he is bald-headed.” The translation offered here, referring to the back of the head (i.e., the area from the top of the head sloping backwards), is based on the contrast between this condition and that of the following verse. See also B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 82. 111tn Heb “And if from the front edge of his face, his head is rubbed bare.” See the note on v. 40 above. 112tn The rendering “balding in front” corresponds to the location of the bareness at the beginning of the verse. 113tn Heb “and the priest shall see it” (cf. KJV). The MT has “him/it” which some take to refer to the person as a whole (i.e., “him”; see, e.g., J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:770; NIV, NRSV, etc.), while others take it as a reference to the “infection” (נֶגַע, nega’) in v. 42 (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 172, 177). Smr has “her/it,” which would probably refer to “disease” (צָרַעַת, tsara’at) in v. 42. The general pattern in the chapter suggests that “it,” either the infection or the disease, is the object of the examination (see, e.g., v. 3 above and v. 50 below). 114tn Heb “and behold.” 115tn Heb “like appearance of disease of skin of flesh.” 116tn Or perhaps translate, “His infection [is] on his head,” as a separate independent sentence (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV). There is no causal expression in the Hebrew text connecting these two clauses, but the logical relationship between them seems to be causal. 117tn Heb “And the diseased one who in him is the infection.” 118tn Heb “and his head shall be unbound, and he shall cover on [his] mustache.” Tearing one’s clothing, allowing the hair to hang loose rather than bound up in a turban, and covering the mustache on the upper lip are all ways of expressing shame, grief, or distress (cf., e.g., Lev 10:6 and Micah 3:7). 119tn Heb “All the days which the infection is in him.” 120tn Heb “And the garment, if there is in it a mark of disease.” 121tn Heb “in a wool garment or in a linen garment.” 122sn The warp (vertical) and woof (horizontal) thread may be two different sets of thread not yet woven together, or they may refer to two different kinds of thread already woven, in which case one might have the disease in it while the other does not. See the explanation in J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:809-10. 123tn Heb “in any handiwork of skin” (cf. KJV, ASV, NRSV); most other modern English versions have “leather.” 124tn Heb “and the infection is.” This clause is conditional in force, and is translated as such by almost all English versions. 125tn Heb “And the priest shall see the infection and he shall shut up the infection seven days.” 126tn Heb “to all which the leather was made into a handiwork.” 127tn Heb “And if the priest sees and behold”; NASB “and indeed.” 128tn Heb “a second seven days.” 129tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV). 130tn Heb “the infection has not changed its eye.” Smr has “its/his eyes,” as in vv. 5 and 37, but here it refers to the appearance of the article of cloth or leather, unlike vv. 5 and 37 where there is a preposition attached and it refers to the eyes of the priest. 131tn The terms “back side” and “front side” are the same as those used in v. 42 for the “back or front bald area” of a man’s head. The exact meaning of these terms when applied to articles of cloth or leather is uncertain. It could refer, for example, to the inside versus the outside of a garment, or the back versus the front side of an article of cloth or leather. See J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:814, for various possibilities. 132tn Heb “And if the priest saw and behold….” 133tn Heb “and he shall tear it from.” 134tn Heb “And if”; NIV, NCV “But if”; NAB “If, however.” 135tn Heb “and the infection turns aside from them.” 136sn The Hebrew term translated “law” (תוֹרָה, torah) introduces here a summary or colophon for all of Lev 13. Similar summaries are found in Lev 7:37-38; 11:46-47; 14:54-57; and 15:32-33. 137tn These are declarative Piel forms of the verbs טָהֵר (taher) and טָמֵא (tame’) respectively (cf. the notes on vv. 3 and 6 above).