Jehoahaz’s Reign over Israel
13

1 In the twenty-third year of the reign of Judah’s King Joash son of Ahaziah, Jehu’s son Jehoahaz became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria1 for seventeen years. 2 He did evil in the sight of2 the Lord. He continued in3 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who had encouraged Israel to sin; he did not repudiate those sins.4 3 The Lord was furious with5 Israel and handed them over to6 King Hazael of Syria and to Hazael’s son Ben Hadad for many years.7

4 Jehoahaz asked for the Lord’s mercy8 and the Lord responded favorably,9 for he saw that Israel was oppressed by the king of Syria.10 5 The Lord provided a deliverer11 for Israel and they were freed from Syria’s power.12 The Israelites once more lived in security.13 6 But they did not repudiate14 the sinful ways of the family15 of Jeroboam, who encouraged Israel to sin; they continued in those sins.16 There was even an Asherah pole17 standing in Samaria. 7 Jehoahaz had no army left18 except for fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and 10,000 foot soldiers. The king of Syria had destroyed his troops19 and trampled on them like dust.20

8 The rest of the events of Jehoahaz’s reign, including all his accomplishments and successes, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel.21 9 Jehoahaz passed away22 and was buried23 in Samaria. His son Joash replaced him as king.

Jehoash’s Reign over Israel

10 In the thirty-seventh year of King Joash’s reign over Judah, Jehoahaz’s son Jehoash became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria24 for sixteen years. 11 He did evil in the sight of25 the Lord. He did not repudiate26 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin; he continued in those sins.27 12 The rest of the events of Joash’s28 reign, including all his accomplishments and his successful war with King Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel.29 13 Joash passed away30 and Jeroboam succeeded him on the throne.31 Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

Elisha Makes One Final Prophecy

14 Now Elisha had a terminal illness.32 King Joash of Israel went down to visit him.33 He wept before him and said, “My father, my father! The chariot34 and horsemen of Israel!35 15 Elisha told him, “Take a bow and some arrows,” and he did so.36 16 Then Elisha37 told the king of Israel, “Aim the bow.”38 He did so,39 and Elisha placed his hands on the king’s hands. 17 Elisha40 said, “Open the east window,” and he did so.41 Elisha said, “Shoot!” and

he did so.42 Elisha43 said, “This arrow symbolizes the victory the Lord will give you over Syria.44 You will annihilate Syria in Aphek!45 18 Then Elisha46 said, “Take the arrows,” and he did so.47 He told the king of Israel, “Strike the ground!” He struck the ground three times and stopped. 19 The prophet48 got angry at him and said, “If you had struck the ground five or six times, you would have annihilated Syria!49 But now, you will defeat Syria only three times.”

20 Elisha died and was buried.50 Moabite raiding parties invaded51 the land at the beginning of the year.52 21 One day some men53 were burying a man when they spotted54 a raiding party. So they threw the dead man55 into Elisha’s tomb. When the body56 touched Elisha’s bones, the dead man57 came to life and stood on his feet.

22 Now King Hazael of Syria oppressed Israel throughout Jehoahaz’s reign.58 23 But the Lord had mercy on them and felt pity for them.59 He extended his favor to them60 because of the promise he had made61 to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. He has been unwilling to destroy them or remove them from his presence to this very day.62 24 When King Hazael of Syria died, his son Ben Hadad replaced him as king. 25 Jehoahaz’s son Jehoash took back from63 Ben Hadad son of Hazael the cities that he had taken from his father Jehoahaz in war. Joash defeated him three times and recovered the Israelite cities.

113:1map For location see Map2-B1; Map4-D3; Map5-E2; Map6-A4; Map7-C1. 213:2tn Heb “in the eyes of.” 313:2tn Heb “walked after.” 413:2tn Heb “he did not turn aside from it.” 513:3tn Heb “and the anger of the Lord burned against.” 613:3tn Heb “he gave them into the hand of.” 713:3tn Heb “all the days.” 813:4tn Heb “appeased the face of the Lord.” 913:4tn Heb “and the Lord heard.” 1013:4tn Heb “for he saw the oppression of Israel, for the king of Syria oppressed them.” 1113:5sn The identity of this unnamed “deliverer” is debated. For options see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 143. 1213:5tn Heb “and they went from under the hand of Syria.” 1313:5tn Heb “and the sons of Israel lived in their tents as before.” 1413:6tn Heb “they did not turn away from.” 1513:6tn Heb “house.” 1613:6tc Heb “in it he walked.” The singular verb (הָלַךְ, halakh) is probably due to an error of haplography and should be emended to the plural (הָלְכּוּ, halÿku). Note that a vav immediately follows (on the form וְגַם, vÿgam). 1713:6tn Or “an image of Asherah”; ASV, NASB “the Asherah”; NCV “the Asherah idol.”sn Asherah was a leading deity of the Canaanite pantheon, wife/sister of El and goddess of fertility. She was commonly worshiped at shrines in or near groves of evergreen trees, or, failing that, at places marked by wooden poles. These were to be burned or cut down (Deut 12:3; 16:21; Judg 6:25, 28, 30; 2 Kgs 18:4). 1813:7tn Heb “Indeed he did not leave to Jehoahaz people.” The identity of the subject is uncertain, but the king of Syria, mentioned later in the verse, is a likely candidate. 1913:7tn Heb “them,” i.e., the remainder of this troops. 2013:7tn Heb “and made them like dust for trampling.” 2113:8tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jehoahaz, and all which he did and his strength, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?” 2213:9tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.” 2313:9tn Heb “and they buried him.” 2413:10map For location see Map2-B1; Map4-D3; Map5-E2; Map6-A4; Map7-C1. 2513:11tn Heb “in the eyes of.” 2613:11tn Heb “turn away from all.” 2713:11tn Heb “in it he walked.” 2813:12sn Jehoash and Joash are alternate forms of the same name. 2913:12tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Joash, and all which he did and his strength, [and] how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?” 3013:13tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.” 3113:13tn Heb “sat on his throne.” 3213:14tn Heb “Now Elisha was ill with the illness by which he would die.” 3313:14tn Heb “went down to him.” 3413:14tn Though the noun is singular here, it may be collective, in which case it could be translated “chariots.” 3513:14sn By comparing Elisha to a one-man army, the king emphasizes the power of the prophetic word. See the note at 2:12. 3613:15tn Heb “and he took a bow and some arrows.” 3713:16tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 3813:16tn Heb “Cause your hand to ride on the bow.” 3913:16tn Heb “and he caused his hand to ride.” 4013:17tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 4113:17tn Heb “He opened [it].” 42??tn Heb “and he shot.” 43??tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 44??tn Heb “The arrow of victory of the Lord and the arrow of victory over Syria.” 45??tn Heb “you will strike down Syria in Aphek until destruction.” 4613:18tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elisha) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 4713:18tn Heb “and he took [them].” 4813:19tn Heb “man of God.” 4913:19tn Heb “[It was necessary] to strike five or six times, then you would strike down Syria until destruction.” On the syntax of the infinitive construct, see GKC 349 §114.k. 5013:20tn Heb “and they buried him.” 5113:20tn Heb “entered.” 5213:20tc The MT reading בָּא שָׁנָה (bashanah), “it came, year,” should probably be emended to בְּבָּא הַשָּׁנָה (bÿba’ hashanah), “at the coming [i.e., ‘beginning’] of the year.” See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 148. 5313:21tn Heb “and it so happened [that] they.” 5413:21tn Heb “and look, they saw.” 5513:21tn Heb “the man”; the adjective “dead” has been supplied in the translation for clarity. 5613:21tn Heb “the man.” 5713:21tn Heb “he”; the referent (the dead man) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Otherwise the reader might think it was Elisha rather than the unnamed dead man who came back to life. 5813:22tn Heb “all the days of Jehoahaz.” 5913:23tn Or “showed them compassion.” 6013:23tn Heb “he turned to them.” 6113:23tn Heb “because of his covenant with.” 6213:23tn Heb “until now.” 6313:25tn Heb “from the hand of.”