Joshua 2 (NET)

Joshua Sends Spies into the Land

1 Joshua son of Nun sent two spies out from Shittim secretly and instructed them:1 “Find out what you can about the land, especially Jericho.”2 They stopped at the house of a prostitute named Rahab and spent the night there.3 2 The king of Jericho received this report: “Note well!4 Israelite men have come here tonight5 to spy on the land.” 3 So the king of Jericho sent this order to Rahab:6 “Turn over7 the men who came to you8 – the ones who came to your house9 – for they have come to spy on the whole land!” 4 But the woman hid the two men10 and replied, “Yes, these men were clients of mine,11 but I didn’t know where they came from. 5 When it was time to shut the city gate for the night, the men left.12 I don’t know where they were heading. Chase after them quickly, for you have time to catch them!” 6 (Now she had taken them up to the roof and had hidden them in the stalks of flax she had spread out13 on the roof.) 7 Meanwhile14 the king’s men tried to find them on the road to the Jordan River15 near the fords.16 The city gate was shut as soon as they set out in pursuit of them.17

8 Now before the spies18 went to sleep, Rahab19 went up20 to the roof. 9 She said to the men, “I know the Lord is handing this land over to you.21 We are absolutely terrified of you,22 and all who live in the land are cringing before23 you.24 10 For we heard how the Lord dried up the water of the Red Sea before you when you left Egypt and how you annihilated the two Amorite kings, Sihon and Og, on the other side of the Jordan.25 11 When we heard the news we lost our courage and no one could even breathe for fear of you.26 For the Lord your God is God in heaven above and on earth below! 12 So now, promise me this with an oath sworn in the Lord’s name.27 Because I have shown allegiance to you, show allegiance to my family.28 Give me a solemn pledge29 13 that you will spare the lives of my father, mother, brothers, sisters, and all who belong to them, and rescue us30 from death.” 14 The men said to her, “If you31 die, may we die too!32 If you do not report what we’ve been up to,33 then, when the Lord hands the land over to us, we will show unswerving allegiance34 to you.”35

15 Then Rahab36 let them down by a rope37 through the window. (Her38 house was built as part of the city wall; she lived in the wall.)39 16 She told them, “Head40 to the hill country, so the ones chasing you don’t find you.41 Hide from them there for three days, long enough for those chasing you42 to return. Then you can be on your way.” 17 The men said to her, “We are not bound by this oath you made us swear unless the following conditions are met:43 18 When we invade the land44, tie this red rope45 in the window through which you let us down, and gather together in your house your father, mother, brothers, and all who live in your father’s house.46 19 Anyone who leaves your house will be responsible for his own death – we are innocent in that case!47 But if anyone with you in the house is harmed, we will be responsible.48 20 If you should report what we’ve been up to,49 we are not bound by this oath you made us swear.” 21 She said, “I agree to these conditions.”50 She sent them on their way51 and then tied the red rope in the window. 22 They went52 to the hill country and stayed there for three days, long enough for those chasing them53 to return. Their pursuers54 looked all along the way but did not find them.55 23 Then the two men returned – they came down from the hills, crossed the river,56 came to Joshua son of Nun, and reported to him all they had discovered. 24 They told Joshua, “Surely the Lord is handing over all the land to us!57 All who live in the land are cringing before us!”58

12:1tn Heb “Joshua, son of Nun, sent from Shittim two men, spies, secretly, saying.” 22:1tn Heb “go, see the land, and Jericho.”map For location see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1. 32:1tn Heb “they went and entered the house of a woman, a prostitute, and her name was Rahab, and they slept there.” 42:2tn Or “look.” 52:2tn Heb “men have come here tonight from the sons of Israel.” 62:3tn Heb “and the king of Jericho sent to Rahab, saying.” 72:3tn Heb “bring out.” 82:3tn The idiom “come to” (בוֹא אֶל, bo’ ’el) probably has sexual connotations here, as it often does elsewhere when a man “comes to” a woman. If so, the phrase could be translated “your clients.” The instructions reflect Rahab’s perspective as to the identity of the men. 92:3tn The words “the ones who came to your house” (Heb “who came to your house”) may be a euphemistic scribal addition designed to blur the sexual connotation of the preceding words. 102:4tn Heb “The woman took the two men and hid him.” The third masculine singular pronominal suffix on “hid” has to be a scribal error (see GKC §135.p). 112:4tn Heb “the men came to me.” See the note on this phrase in v. 3. 122:5tn Heb “And the gate was to be shut in the darkness and the men went out.” 132:6tn Heb “arranged in rows by her.” 142:7tn Another way to translate vv. 6-7 would be, “While she took them up to the roof and hid them…, the king’s men tried to find them….” Both of the main clauses have the subject prior to the predicate, perhaps indicating simultaneous action. (On the grammatical point, see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 42, §235.) In this case Rahab moves the Israelite spies from the hiding place referred to in v. 4 to a safer and less accessible hiding place. 152:7tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied for clarity. 162:7tn Heb “And the men chased after them [on] the road [leading to] the Jordan to the fords.” The text is written from the perspective of the king’s men. As far as they were concerned, they were chasing the spies. 172:7tn Heb “And they shut the gate after – as soon as the ones chasing after them went out.” The expressions “after” and “as soon as” may represent a conflation of alternate readings. 182:8tn Heb “they.” 192:8tn Heb “she”; the referent (Rahab) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 202:8tn The Hebrew text adds, “to them.” This is somewhat redundant in English and has not been translated. 212:9tn Heb “has given the land to you.” Rahab’s statement uses the Hebrew perfect, suggesting certitude. 222:9tn Heb “terror of you has fallen upon us.” 232:9tn Or “melting away because of.” 242:9tn Both of these statements are actually subordinated to “I know” in the Hebrew text, which reads, “I know that the Lord…and that terror of you…and that all the inhabitants….” 252:10tn Heb “and what you did to the two Amorite kings who were beyond the Jordan, Sihon and Og, how you annihilated them.” 262:11tn Heb “And we heard and our heart[s] melted and there remained no longer breath in a man because of you.” 272:12tn Heb “Now, swear to me by the Lord.”sn To swear an oath in the Lord’s name would make the Lord the witness and guarantor of the promise attached to the oath. If the person making the oath should go back on the promise, the Lord would judge him for breaking the contract. 282:12tn Heb “with the house of my father.” 292:12tn Heb “true sign,” that is, “an inviolable token or pledge.” 302:13tn Or “our lives.” 312:14tn The second person pronoun is masculine plural, indicating that Rahab’s entire family is in view. 322:14tn Heb “Our lives in return for you to die.” If the lives of Rahab’s family are not spared, then the spies will pay for the broken vow with their own lives. 332:14tn Heb “If you do not report this matter of ours.” 342:14tn Heb “allegiance and faithfulness.” These virtual synonyms are joined in the translation as “unswerving allegiance” to emphasize the degree of promised loyalty. 352:14tn The second person pronoun is feminine singular, referring specifically to Rahab. 362:15tn Heb “she”; the referent (Rahab) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 372:15tc The phrase “by a rope” is omitted in the LXX. It may be a later clarifying addition. If original, the omission in the LXX is likely due to an error of homoioarcton. A scribe’s or translator’s eye could have jumped from the initial ב (bet) in the phrase בַּחֶבֶל (bakhevel, “with a rope”) to the initial ב on the immediately following בְּעַד (bÿ’ad, “through”) and accidentally omitted the intervening letters. 382:15tn Heb “For her house.” 392:15tc These explanatory statements are omitted in the LXX and probably represent a later scribal addition. 402:16tn Heb “Go.” 412:16tn Heb “so that the pursuers might not meet you.” 422:16tn Heb “the pursuers.” The object (“you”) is not in the Hebrew text but is implied. 432:17tn Heb “We are free from this oath of yours which you made us swear.” The words “unless the following conditions are met” are not in the Hebrew text, but are added for clarification. 442:18tn Heb “Look! We are about to enter the land.” 452:18tn Heb “the cord of this red thread.” 462:18tn Heb “and your father and your mother and your brothers and all the house of your father gather to yourself to the house.” 472:19tn Heb “Anyone who goes out from the doors of your house to the outside, his blood is on his head. We are innocent.” 482:19tn Heb “But anyone who is with you in the house, his blood is on our head if a hand should be on him.” 492:20tn Heb “and if you report this matter of ours.” 502:21tn Heb “According to your words, so it [will be].” 512:21tn Heb “she sent them away and they went.” 522:22tn Heb “they went and came.” 532:22tn Heb “the pursuers.” The object (“them”) is added for clarification. 542:22tn Heb “the ones chasing them.” This has been rendered as “their pursuers” in the translation to avoid redundancy with the preceding clause. 552:22tn Heb “The pursuers looked in all the way and did not find [them].” 562:23tn The words “the river,” though not in the Hebrew text, are added for clarification. 572:24tn Heb “Surely the Lord has given into our hand all the land.” The report by the spies uses the Hebrew perfect, suggesting certitude. 582:24tn Heb “are melting away because of us.”