2 Thessalonians 2 (NET)

The Day of the Lord

1 Now regarding the arrival1 of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to be with him,2 we ask you, brothers and sisters,3 2 not to be easily4 shaken from your composure or disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us,5 to the effect that the day of the Lord is already here. 3 Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes6 and the man of lawlessness7 is revealed, the son of destruction.8 4 He9 opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, and as a result he takes his seat10 in God’s temple, displaying himself as God.11 5 Surely you recall12 that I used to tell you these things while I was still with you. 6 And so13 you know what holds him back,14 so that he will be revealed in his own time. 7 For the hidden power of lawlessness15 is already at work. However, the one who holds him back16 will do so until he is taken out of the way, 8 and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord17 will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival. 9 The arrival of the lawless one18 will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles19 and signs and false wonders, 10 and with every kind of evil deception directed against20 those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth21 so as to be saved. 11 Consequently22 God sends on them a deluding influence23 so that they will believe what is false. 12 And so24 all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned.25

Call to Stand Firm

13 But we ought to thank God always for you, brothers and sisters26 loved by the Lord, because God chose you from the beginning27 for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and faith in the truth. 14 He called you to this salvation28 through our gospel, so that you may possess the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.29 15 Therefore, brothers and sisters,30 stand firm and hold on to the traditions that we taught you, whether by speech or by letter.31 16 Now may our Lord Jesus Christ himself and God our Father, who loved us and by grace gave us eternal comfort and good hope, 17 encourage your hearts and strengthen you32 in every good thing you do or say.33

12:1tn Or perhaps “return” (cf. CEV). 22:1tn Grk “our gathering with him.” 32:1tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:3. 42:2tn Or “quickly, soon.” 52:2tn Grk “as through us.” 62:3tn Grk “for unless the rebellion comes first.” The clause about “the day” is understood from v. 2. 72:3tc Most mss (A D F G Ψ Ï lat sy) read ἁμαρτίας (Jamartia", “of sin”) here, but several important mss (א B 0278 6 81 1739 1881 al co) read ἀνομίας (anomia", “of lawlessness”). Although external support for ἁμαρτίας is broader, the generally earlier and better witnesses are on the side of ἀνομίας. Internally, since ἁμαρτία (Jamartia, “sin”) occurs nearly ten times as often as ἀνομία (anomia, “lawlessness”) in the corpus Paulinum, scribes would be expected to change the text to the more familiar term. At the same time, the mention of ἀνομία in v. 7 and ὁ ἄνομος (Jo anomo", “the lawless one”) in v. 8, both of which look back to v. 3, may have prompted scribes to change the text toward ἀνομίας. The internal evidence is thus fairly evenly balanced. Although a decision is difficult, ἀνομίας has slightly greater probability of authenticity than ἁμαρτίας. 82:3tn Or “the one destined for destruction.” 92:4tn Grk “the one who opposes,” describing the figure in v. 3. A new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the personal pronoun (“he”) and translating the participle ἀντικείμενος (antikeimeno") as a finite verb. 102:4sn Allusions to Isa 14:13-14; Dan 11:36; Ezek 28:2-9 respectively. 112:4tn Grk “that he is God.” 122:5tn Grk “You do remember, don’t you?” 132:6tn Grk “and now,” but this shows the logical result of his previous teaching. 142:6tn Grk “the thing that restrains.” 152:7tn Grk “the mystery of lawlessness.” In Paul “mystery” often means “revealed truth, something formerly hidden but now made widely known,” but that does not make sense with the verb of this clause (“to be at work, to be active”). 162:7tn Grk “the one who restrains.” This gives a puzzling contrast to the impersonal phrase in v. 6 (“the thing that restrains”). The restraint can be spoken of as a force or as a person. Some have taken this to mean the Roman Empire in particular or human government in general, since these are forces that can also be seen embodied in a person, the emperor or governing head. But apocalyptic texts like Revelation and Daniel portray human government of the end times as under Satanic control, not holding back his influence. Also the power to hold back Satanic forces can only come from God. So others understand this restraint to be some force from God: the preaching of the gospel or the working of the Holy Spirit through God’s people. 172:8tc ‡ Several important witnesses of the Alexandrian and Western traditions, as well as many other witnesses, read ᾿Ιησοῦς (Ihsous, “Jesus”) after κύριος (kurios, “Lord”; so א A D* F G L^c P Ψ 0278 33 81 104 365 1241 2464 pc latt sy co). But there is sufficient evidence in the Alexandrian tradition for the shorter reading (B 1739 1881), supported by the Byzantine text as well as Irenaeus. Although it is possible that scribes overlooked ᾿Ιησοῦς if the two nomina sacra occurred together (kMsiMs), since “the Lord Jesus” is a frequent enough appellation, it looks to be a motivated reading. NA²⁷ places ᾿Ιησοῦς in brackets, indicating some doubts as to its authenticity. 182:9tn Grk “whose coming,” referring to the lawless one. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek construction, a new sentence was started here in the translation. 192:9tn Grk “every miracle.” 202:10tn Grk “deception for/toward.” 212:10tn Grk “they did not accept the love of the truth.” 222:11tn Grk “and for this reason.” 232:11tn Grk “a working of error.” 242:12tn Grk “that.” A new sentence was started here in the translation for stylistic reasons. 252:12tn Grk “be judged,” but in this context the term clearly refers to a judgment of condemnation (BDAG 568 s.v. κρίνω 5.b.α; cf. KJV “that they all might be damned”). CEV views the condemnation as punishment (“will be punished”). 262:13tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:3. 272:13tc ‡ Several mss (B F G P 0278 33 81 323 1739 1881 al bo) read ἀπαρχήν (aparchn, “as a first fruit”; i.e., as the first converts) instead of ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς (ap’ arch", “from the beginning,” found in א D Ψ Ï it sa), but this seems more likely to be a change by scribes who thought of the early churches in general in this way. But Paul would not be likely to call the Thessalonians “the first fruits” among his converts. Further, ἀπαρχή (aparch, “first fruit”) is a well-worn term in Paul’s letters (Rom 8:23; 11:16; 16:5; 1 Cor 15:20, 23; 16:15), while ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς occurs nowhere else in Paul. Scribes might be expected to change the text to the more familiar term. Nevertheless, a decision is difficult (see arguments for ἀπαρχήν in TCGNT 568), and ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς must be preferred only slightly. 282:14tn Grk “to which,” referring to the main idea of v. 13. 292:14sn That you may possess the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. For Paul the ultimate stage of salvation is glorification (Rom 8:30). 302:15tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:3. 312:15tn Grk “that you were taught whether by word or by letter of ours.” 322:17tn Grk simply “strengthen,” with the object understood from the preceding. 332:17tn Grk “every good work and word.”