Deuteronomy 16 (NET)

The Passover-Unleavened Bread Festival

1 Observe the month Abib1 and keep the Passover to the Lord your God, for in that month2 he3 brought you out of Egypt by night. 2 You must sacrifice the Passover animal4 (from the flock or the herd) to the Lord your God in the place where he5 chooses to locate his name. 3 You must not eat any yeast with it; for seven days you must eat bread made without yeast, symbolic of affliction, for you came out of Egypt hurriedly. You must do this so you will remember for the rest of your life the day you came out of the land of Egypt. 4 There must not be a scrap of yeast within your land6 for seven days, nor can any of the meat you sacrifice on the evening of the first day remain until the next morning.7 5 You may not sacrifice the Passover in just any of your villages8 that the Lord your God is giving you, 6 but you must sacrifice it9 in the evening in10 the place where he11 chooses to locate his name, at sunset, the time of day you came out of Egypt. 7 You must cook12 and eat it in the place the Lord your God chooses; you may return the next morning to your tents. 8 You must eat bread made without yeast for six days. The seventh day you are to hold an assembly for the Lord your God; you must not do any work on that day.13

The Festival of Weeks

9 You must count seven weeks; you must begin to count them14 from the time you begin to harvest the standing grain. 10 Then you are to celebrate the Festival of Weeks15 before the Lord your God with the voluntary offering16 that you will bring, in proportion to how he17 has blessed you. 11 You shall rejoice before him18 – you, your son, your daughter, your male and female slaves, the Levites in your villages,19 the resident foreigners, the orphans, and the widows among you – in the place where the Lord chooses to locate his name. 12 Furthermore, remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and so be careful to observe these statutes.

The Festival of Temporary Shelters

13 You must celebrate the Festival of Temporary Shelters20 for seven days, at the time of the grain and grape harvest.21 14 You are to rejoice in your festival, you, your son, your daughter, your male and female slaves, the Levites, the resident foreigners, the orphans, and the widows who are in your villages.22 15 You are to celebrate the festival seven days before the Lord your God in the place he23 chooses, for he24 will bless you in all your productivity and in whatever you do;25 so you will indeed rejoice! 16 Three times a year all your males must appear before the Lord your God in the place he chooses for the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Temporary Shelters; and they must not appear before him26 empty-handed. 17 Every one of you must give as you are able,27 according to the blessing of the Lord your God that he has given you.

Provision for Justice

18 You must appoint judges and civil servants28 for each tribe in all your villages29 that the Lord your God is giving you, and they must judge the people fairly.30 19 You must not pervert justice or show favor. Do not take a bribe, for bribes blind the eyes of the wise and distort31 the words of the righteous.32 20 You must pursue justice alone33 so that you may live and inherit the land the Lord your God is giving you.

Examples of Legal Cases

21 You must not plant any kind of tree as a sacred Asherah pole34 near the altar of the Lord your God which you build for yourself. 22 You must not erect a sacred pillar,35 a thing the Lord your God detests.

116:1sn The month Abib, later called Nisan (Neh 2:1; Esth 3:7), corresponds to March-April in the modern calendar. 216:1tn Heb “in the month Abib.” The demonstrative “that” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons. 316:1tn Heb “the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy. 416:2tn Heb “sacrifice the Passover” (so NASB). The word “animal” has been supplied in the translation for clarity. 516:2tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in the previous verse. 616:4tn Heb “leaven must not be seen among you in all your border.” 716:4tn Heb “remain all night until the morning” (so KJV, ASV). This has been simplified in the translation for stylistic reasons. 816:5tn Heb “gates.” 916:6tn Heb “the Passover.” The translation uses a pronoun to avoid redundancy in English. 1016:6tc The MT reading אֶל (’el, “unto”) before “the place” should, following Smr, Syriac, Targums, and Vulgate, be omitted in favor of ב (bet; בַּמָּקוֹם, bammaqom), “in the place.” 1116:6tn Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “he” in 16:1. 1216:7tn The rules that governed the Passover meal are found in Exod 12:1-51, and Deut 16:1-8. The word translated “cook” (בָּשַׁל, bashal) here is translated “boil” in other places (e.g. Exod 23:19, 1 Sam 2:13-15). This would seem to contradict Exod 12:9 where the Israelites are told not to eat the Passover sacrifice raw or boiled. However, 2 Chr 35:13 recounts the celebration of a Passover feast during the reign of Josiah, and explains that the people “cooked (בָּשַׁל, bashal) the Passover sacrifices over the open fire.” The use of בָּשַׁל (bashal) with “fire” (אֵשׁ, ’esh) suggests that the word could be used to speak of boiling or roasting. 1316:8tn The words “on that day” are not in the Hebrew text; they are supplied in the translation for clarification (cf. TEV, NLT). 1416:9tn Heb “the seven weeks.” The translation uses a pronoun to avoid redundancy in English. 1516:10tn The Hebrew phrase חַג שָׁבֻעוֹת (khag shavu’ot) is otherwise known in the OT (Exod 23:16) as קָצִיר (qatsir, “harvest”) and in the NT as πεντηχοστή (penthcosth, “Pentecost”). 1616:10tn Heb “the sufficiency of the offering of your hand.” 1716:10tn Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “he” in 16:1. 1816:11tn Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “he” in 16:1. 1916:11tn Heb “gates.” 2016:13tn The Hebrew phrase חַג הַסֻּכֹּת (khag hassukot, “festival of huts” or “festival of shelters”) is traditionally known as the Feast of Tabernacles. The rendering “booths” (cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV) is now preferable to the traditional “tabernacles” (KJV, ASV, NIV) in light of the meaning of the term סֻכָּה (sukkah, “hut; booth”), but “booths” are frequently associated with trade shows and craft fairs in contemporary American English. Clearer is the English term “shelters” (so NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT), but this does not reflect the temporary nature of the living arrangement. This feast was a commemoration of the wanderings of the Israelites after they left Egypt, suggesting that a translation like “temporary shelters” is more appropriate. 2116:13tn Heb “when you gather in your threshing-floor and winepress.” 2216:14tn Heb “in your gates.” 2316:15tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 16:1. 2416:15tn Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “he” in 16:1. 2516:15tn Heb “in all the work of your hands” (so NASB, NIV); NAB, NRSV “in all your undertakings.” 2616:16tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 16:1. 2716:17tn Heb “a man must give according to the gift of his hand.” This has been translated as second person for stylistic reasons, in keeping with the second half of the verse, which is second person rather than third. 2816:18tn The Hebrew term וְשֹׁטְרִים (vÿshoterim), usually translated “officers” (KJV, NCV) or “officials” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), derives from the verb שֹׁטֵר (shoter, “to write”). The noun became generic for all types of public officials. Here, however, it may be appositionally epexegetical to “judges,” thus resulting in the phrase, “judges, that is, civil officers,” etc. Whoever the שֹׁטְרִים are, their task here consists of rendering judgments and administering justice. 2916:18tn Heb “gates.” 3016:18tn Heb “with judgment of righteousness”; ASV, NASB “with righteous judgment.” 3116:19tn Heb “twist, overturn”; NRSV “subverts the cause.” 3216:19tn Or “innocent”; NRSV “those who are in the right”; NLT “the godly.” 3316:20tn Heb “justice, justice.” The repetition is emphatic; one might translate as “pure justice” or “unadulterated justice” (cf. NLT “true justice”). 3416:21tn Heb “an Asherah, any tree.”sn Sacred Asherah pole. This refers to a tree (or wooden pole) dedicated to the worship of Asherah, wife/sister of El and goddess of fertility. See also Deut 7:5. 3516:22sn Sacred pillar. This refers to the stelae (stone pillars; the Hebrew term is מַצֵּבֹת, matsevot) associated with Baal worship, perhaps to mark a spot hallowed by an alleged visitation of the gods. See also Deut 7:5.