Samuel Anoints David as King
16

1 The Lord said to Samuel, “How long do you intend to mourn for Saul? I have rejected him as king over Israel.1 Fill your horn with olive oil and go! I am sending you to Jesse in Bethlehem,2 for I have selected a king for myself from among his sons.”3

2 Samuel replied, “How can I go? Saul will hear about it and kill me!” But the Lord said, “Take a heifer with you4 and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to the Lord.’ 3 Then invite Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will show you what you should do. You will anoint for me the one I point out5 to you.”

4 Samuel did what the Lord told him.6 When he arrived in Bethlehem,7 the elders of the city were afraid to meet him. They8 said, “Do you come in peace? 5 He replied, “Yes, in peace. I have come to sacrifice to the Lord. Consecrate yourselves and come with me to the sacrifice.” So he consecrated Jesse and his sons and invited them to the sacrifice.

6 When they arrived, Samuel9 noticed10 Eliab and said to himself,11 “Surely, here before the Lord stands his chosen king!12 7 But the Lord said to Samuel, “Don’t be impressed by13 his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. God does not view things the way men do.14 People look on the outward appearance,15 but the Lord looks at the heart.”

8 Then Jesse called Abinadab and presented him to Samuel.16 But Samuel17 said, “The Lord has not chosen this one, either.” 9 Then Jesse presented18 Shammah. But Samuel said, “The Lord has not chosen this one either.” 10 Jesse presented seven of his sons to Samuel.19 But Samuel said to Jesse, “The Lord has not chosen any of these.” 11 Then Samuel said to Jesse, “Is that all of the young men?” Jesse20 replied, “There is still the youngest one, but he’s taking care of the flock.” Samuel said to Jesse, “Send and get him, for we cannot turn our attention to other things until he comes here.”

12 So Jesse had him brought in.21 Now he was ruddy, with attractive eyes and a handsome appearance. The Lord said, “Go and anoint him. This is the one! 13 So Samuel took the horn full of olive oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers. The Spirit of the Lord rushed upon David from that day onward. Then Samuel got up and went to Ramah.

David Appears before Saul

14 Now the Spirit of the Lord had turned away from Saul, and an evil spirit22 from the Lord tormented him. 15 Then Saul’s servants said to him, “Look, an evil spirit from God is tormenting you! 16 Let our lord instruct his servants who are here before you to look for a man who knows how to play the lyre. Then whenever the evil spirit from God comes upon you, he can play the lyre23 and you will feel better.”24 17 So Saul said to his servants, “Find25 me a man who plays well and bring him to me.” 18 One of his attendants replied,26I have seen a son of Jesse in Bethlehem27 who knows how to play the lyre. He is a brave warrior28 and is articulate29 and handsome,30 for the Lord is with him.”

19 So Saul sent messengers to Jesse and said, “Send me your son David, who is out with the sheep. 20 So Jesse took a donkey loaded with bread, a container of wine, and a young goat31 and sent them to Saul with32 his son David. 21 David came to Saul and stood before him. Saul liked him a great deal,33 and he became his armor bearer. 22 Then Saul sent word to Jesse saying, “Let David be my servant, for I really like him.”34

23 So whenever the spirit from God would come upon Saul, David would take his lyre and play it. This would bring relief to Saul and make him feel better. Then the evil spirit would leave him alone.35

1tc The Lucianic recension of the Old Greek translation includes the following words: “And the Lord said to Samuel.” 2map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4. 3tn Heb “for I have seen among his sons for me a king.” 4tn Heb “in your hand.” 5tn Heb “say”; KJV, NRSV “name”; NIV “indicate.” 6tn Heb “said.” 7map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4. 8tc In the MT the verb is singular (“he said”), but the translation follows many medieval Hebrew mss and ancient versions in reading the plural (“they said”). 9tn Heb “he”; the referent (Samuel) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 10tn Heb “saw.” 11tn Heb “said”; the words “to himself” are implied, given the secrecy surrounding Samuel’s mission to Bethlehem (v. 2). 12tn Heb “his anointed one.” 13tn Heb “don’t look toward.” 14tn Heb “for not that which the man sees.” The translation follows the LXX, which reads, “for not as man sees does God see.” The MT has suffered from homoioteleuton or homoioarcton. See P. K. McCarter, I Samuel (AB), 274. 15tn Heb “to the eyes.” 16tn Heb “and caused him to pass before.” 17tn Heb “he” (also in v. 9); the referent (Samuel) has been specified in the translation for clarity. 18tn Heb “caused to pass by.” 19tn Heb “caused seven of his sons to pass before Samuel.” This could be taken as referring to seven sons in addition to the three mentioned before this, but 1 Sam 17:12 says Jesse had eight sons, not eleven. 1 Chr 2:13-15 lists only seven sons, including David. However, 1 Chr 27:18 mentions an additional son, named Elihu. 20tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jesse) has been specified in the translation both here and in v. 12 for clarity. 21tn Heb “and he sent and brought him.” 22tn Or “an injurious spirit”; cf. NLT “a tormenting spirit.” The phrase need not refer to an evil, demonic spirit. The Hebrew word translated “evil” may refer to the character of the spirit or to its effect upon Saul. If the latter, another translation option might be “a mischief-making spirit.” 23tn Heb “and he will play with his hand.” 24tn Heb “and it will be better for you.” 25tn Heb “see.” 26tn Heb “answered and said.” 27map For location see Map5-B1; Map7-E2; Map8-E2; Map10-B4. 28tn Heb “mighty man of valor and a man of war.” 29tn Heb “discerning of word.” 30tn Heb “a man of form.” 31tn Heb “a kid of the goats.” 32tn Heb “by the hand of.” 33tn Heb “he loved him.” 34tn Heb “Let David stand before me, for he has found favor in my eyes.” 35tn Heb “would turn aside from upon him.”